{"id":901,"date":"2022-08-01T05:35:03","date_gmt":"2022-08-01T04:35:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/databaz.org\/xtrm-art\/?p=901"},"modified":"2022-08-01T05:40:14","modified_gmt":"2022-08-01T04:40:14","slug":"causalite-dans-the-happening","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/databaz.org\/xtrm-art\/?p=901","title":{"rendered":"Causalit\u00c3\u00a9 dans The happening"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/databaz.org\/xtrm-art\/wp-content\/uploads\/image\/the_happening_bandeau.jpg\" width=\"800\" height=\"252\" align=\"textTop\" alt=\"\" \/><br \/>\n<strong><em>The happening<\/em><\/strong> est une s&eacute;rie de photographies r&eacute;alistes que j&#8217;ai r&eacute;alis&eacute;e avec l&#8217;IA <a href=\"https:\/\/openai.com\/dall-e-2\/\">DALL-E 2<\/a>, &agrave; laquelle j&#8217;ai eu acc&egrave;s en juillet 2022. Beaucoup de questions surgissent avec son emploi, que je compte poser r&eacute;guli&egrave;rement &agrave; l&#8217;aide de ces petits articles que je r&eacute;dige.&nbsp;<br \/>\nIci ce qui m&#8217;interroge, c&#8217;est la relation entre le photo-r&eacute;alisme et la question de la causalit&eacute;. Dans notre r&eacute;el, toute image que nous captons, donc toute photographie, est li&eacute;e &agrave; une chaine de causalit&eacute;. Lorsque je vois par exemple une rue de Paris, de San Paolo ou de L.A avec des passants, chaque &ecirc;tre, chaque objet est impliqu&eacute; dans la photographie selon un sch&egrave;me temporel et causal. Avec les r&eacute;seaux sociaux, et la multiplication des micro-vid&eacute;os type tik-tok, nous sommes submerg&eacute;s par des images qui reposent sur des micro-actions. M&ecirc;me un paysage, lorsqu&#8217;il est photographi&eacute; est li&eacute; &agrave; une causalit&eacute; : celle qui dot que celui qui photographie est en voyage, en vacances, en week-end, etc&#8230;&nbsp;<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/databaz.org\/xtrm-art\/wp-content\/uploads\/image\/the_happening_05.jpg\" width=\"400\" height=\"392\" align=\"left\" alt=\"\" \/>The happening est une s&eacute;rie de photographies r&eacute;alistes d&#8217;un &eacute;v&eacute;nement. Mais quelle est la causalit&eacute; dans l&#8217;image. Nous voyons une foule photographier quelque chose, mais nous ne savons pas quoi. Il y a une causalit&eacute; qui est celle du prompt (le texte qui est donn&eacute; &agrave; DALL-E 2), prompt que je tords toujours pour que le r&eacute;sultat d&eacute;borde l&#8217;attendu descriptif, mais il n&#8217;y a pas de causalit&eacute; interne &agrave; l&#8217;image. En travaillant sur une impr&eacute;visibilit&eacute; du rendu, je brise la possibilit&eacute; r&eacute;f&eacute;rentielle et r&eacute;elle dans le rendu. Ceci peut se faire en interrogeant les limites des possibles de rendu de DALL-E 2. Si Etienne Mineur par exemple, a tr&egrave;s bien vu en quel sens certaines cat&eacute;gories sont hyper st&eacute;r&eacute;otyp&eacute;es et faciles &agrave; repr&eacute;senter pour DALL-E 2, il est possible de faire l&#8217;inverse questionner les limites du rendu d&#8217;objets, d&#8217;associations. Ce qui demande de questionner tout &agrave; la fois la logique d&#8217;assemblage grammatical du moteur, la nature des banques d&#8217;images ayant servi pour le dataset et enfin les restrictions introduites moralement par l&#8217;&eacute;quipe de open-ai.<br \/>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;L&#8217;&eacute;v&eacute;nement dont nous avons une trace n&#8217;a ni pass&eacute; ni futur, car l&#8217;image n&#8217;a pas de causalit&eacute; historique, ou encore toute causalit&eacute; narrative de l&#8217;image est ext&eacute;rieure &agrave; sa fabrication. The happening met le spectateur de l&#8217;image face &agrave; une temporalit&eacute; en suspension du point de vue de la causalit&eacute; temporelle. L&#8217;IA ne construisant aucunement&nbsp;<br \/>\nCe point est une diff&eacute;rence majeure avec la photographie ou bien encore avec l&#8217;illustration, au sens o&ugrave; justement la production de l&#8217;image &eacute;tant d&eacute;l&eacute;gu&eacute;e &agrave; un processus technique, celui-ci n&#8217;implique pas la construction du sens de l&#8217;image. Ou encore la m&eacute;moire s&eacute;miotique li&eacute;e &agrave; la liaison image\/texte n&#8217;est pas de l&#8217;ordre de la causalit&eacute; narrative et historique, mais de la relation esth&eacute;tique par contiguit&eacute;, pour reprendre une distinction de Hume tr&egrave;s utile.<br \/>\nD&egrave;s lors l&#8217;image produite par une IA est du point de vue de celle-ci, celle d&#8217;un pr&eacute;sent pur de la contiguit&eacute; des &eacute;l&eacute;ments, le temps de l&#8217;image ne se d&eacute;ploie pas dans le temps de l&#8217;action, mais seulement dans le temps de la relation. C&#8217;est le spectateur humain qui, selon la causalit&eacute; temporelle, et la m&eacute;moire &eacute;v&eacute;nementielle ou narrative, va s&#8217;interroger sur un chainage de l&#8217;&eacute;v&eacute;nement.<\/p>\n<p>_______________________________________<\/p>\n<p>[ENGLISH]<\/p>\n<p>The happening is a series of realistic photographs that I made with the DALL-E 2 AI, to which I had access in July 2022. Many questions arise with its use, which I intend to ask regularly using of these little articles that I write.<\/p>\n<p>Here what questions me is the relationship between photo-realism and the question of causality. In our reality, any image we capture, therefore any photograph, is linked to a chain of causality. When I see, for example, a street in Paris, San Paolo or L.A with passers-by, each being, each object is involved in the photograph according to a temporal and causal scheme. With social networks, and the proliferation of tik-tok type micro-videos, we are overwhelmed by images that are deposited on micro-actions. Even a landscape, when it is photographed, is linked to a causality: the one that points out that the photographer is on a trip, on vacation, on a weekend, etc&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/databaz.org\/xtrm-art\/wp-content\/uploads\/image\/the_happening_02.jpg\" width=\"400\" height=\"393\" align=\"right\" alt=\"\" \/>The happening is a series of realistic photographs of an event. But what is the causality in the picture. We see a crowd photographing something, but we don&#8217;t know what. There is a causality which is that of the prompt (the text which is given to DALL-E 2), a prompt which I always twist so that the result overflows the descriptive expectation, but there is no internal causality to the prompt. &#8216;image. By working on an unpredictability of rendering, I break down the referential and real possibility in rendering. This can be done by questioning the limits of the possible rendering of DALL-E 2. If Etienne Mineur for example, has seen very well in what sense certain categories are hyper stereotyped and easy to represent for DALL-E 2, it is possible to doing the opposite questioning the limits of the rendering of objects, of associations. This requires questioning both the grammatical assembly logic of the engine, the nature of the image banks used for the dataset and finally the restrictions morally introduced by the open-ai team.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp; The event of which we have a trace has neither past nor future, because the image has no historical causality, or any narrative causality of the image is external to its fabrication. The happening puts the spectator of the image in front of a temporality in suspension from the point of view of temporal causality. AI not building at all<\/p>\n<p>This point is a major difference with photography or even with illustration, in the sense that precisely the production of the image being delegated to a technical process, this one does not imply the construction of the meaning of the image. Or again, the semiotic memory linked to the image\/text link is not of the order of narrative and historical causality, but of the aesthetic relationship by contiguity, to take up a very useful distinction from Hume.<\/p>\n<p>Therefore the image produced by an AI is from its point of view, that of a pure present of the contiguity of the elements, the time of the image does not unfold in the time of the action, but only in the time of the relationship. It is the human spectator who, according to temporal causality, and event or narrative memory, will wonder about a chaining of the event.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/databaz.org\/xtrm-art\/wp-content\/uploads\/image\/the_happening_01.jpg\" width=\"800\" height=\"786\" align=\"baseline\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/databaz.org\/xtrm-art\/wp-content\/uploads\/image\/the_happening_04.jpg\" width=\"800\" height=\"786\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/databaz.org\/xtrm-art\/wp-content\/uploads\/image\/the_happening_03.jpg\" width=\"800\" height=\"788\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; The happening est une s&eacute;rie de photographies r&eacute;alistes que j&#8217;ai r&eacute;alis&eacute;e avec l&#8217;IA DALL-E 2, &agrave; laquelle j&#8217;ai eu acc&egrave;s en juillet 2022. Beaucoup de questions surgissent avec son emploi, que je compte poser r&eacute;guli&egrave;rement &agrave; l&#8217;aide de ces petits articles que je r&eacute;dige.&nbsp; Ici ce qui m&#8217;interroge, c&#8217;est la relation entre le photo-r&eacute;alisme [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,135,163,13,6],"tags":[203,201,202,197,136],"class_list":["post-901","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-article","category-intelligence-artificielle","category-photographie","category-theorie","category-une","tag-causalite","tag-dall","tag-dall-e-2","tag-etienne-mineur","tag-ia"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/databaz.org\/xtrm-art\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/901","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/databaz.org\/xtrm-art\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/databaz.org\/xtrm-art\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/databaz.org\/xtrm-art\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/databaz.org\/xtrm-art\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=901"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/databaz.org\/xtrm-art\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/901\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":906,"href":"https:\/\/databaz.org\/xtrm-art\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/901\/revisions\/906"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/databaz.org\/xtrm-art\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=901"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/databaz.org\/xtrm-art\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=901"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/databaz.org\/xtrm-art\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=901"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}